Smallpox

Three-year-old Rahima Banu, who is the last known person to have had naturally acquired smallpox, or variola major, in the world, with her mother in Bangladesh. Her case was reported to the local Smallpox Eradication Program team by an 8-year-old girl named Bilkisunnessa, who was paid 250 Taka reward for her diligence. Source: CDC/ World Health Organization; Stanley O. Foster M.D., M.P.H. 

3岁的拉希马·巴努（Rahima Banu），是全球最后一名自然获得性天花（或称重型天花）患者，这张照片是他与母亲在孟加拉。这名病例是由一名叫Bilkisunnessa的8岁女孩报告给当地消除天花项目组的，她也因为勤奋而获得了250塔卡（孟加拉货币）的奖励。来源：美国疾控中心/世界卫生组织，医学博士、公共卫生硕士Stanley O. Foster

In late 1975, Rahima Banu, a three-year-old girl from Bangladesh, was the last person in the world to have naturally acquired variola major and the last person in Asia to have active smallpox. She was isolated at home with house guards posted 24 hours a day until she was no longer infectious. A house-to-house vaccination campaign within a 1.5 mile radius of her home began immediately, and every house, public meeting area, school, and healer within 5 miles was visited by a member of the Smallpox Eradication Program team to ensure the illness did not spread. A reward was also offered to anyone for reporting a smallpox case.

1975年，孟加拉的一名叫拉希马·巴努的3岁女孩，是全球最后一例自然获得性重症天花患者，也是亚洲最后一名活动性天花患者。她被隔离在家，由警卫24小时看守直到她不再具备传染力。随后在她家半径1.5英里范围内立即开展挨家挨户的疫苗接种活动，天花消除项目组到访在5英里以内的每个家庭、公共场所、学校以及村医，确保疾病不会传播扩散。对于任何报告天花病例的人都给予奖励。

Ali Maow Maalin was the last person to have naturally acquired smallpox caused by variola minor. Maalin was a hospital cook in Merca, Somalia. On October 12, 1977, he accompanied two smallpox patients in a vehicle from the hospital to the local smallpox office. On October 22, he developed a fever. At first he was diagnosed with malaria, and then chickenpox. He was correctly diagnosed with smallpox by the smallpox eradication staff on October 30. Maalin was isolated and made a full recovery. Maalin died of malaria on July 22, 2013 while working in the polio eradication campaign.

阿里·马奥·马阿林（Ali Maow Maalin）是最后一名由类天花导致的自然获得性天花患者。马阿林是索马里梅尔卡市一家医院的厨师。1977年10月12日，他陪同两名天花患者乘车从医院到当地天花办公室。10月22日，他出现了发烧。起初他被诊断为疟疾，之后被诊断为水痘。10月30日他才被天花消除的工作人员正确诊断为天花。马阿林被隔离并痊愈。马阿林于2013年7月22日因疟疾死亡，当时他在从事脊灰消除计划工作。

Janet Parker was the last person to die of smallpox. It was 1978, and Parker was a medical photographer at the Birmingham University Medical School in England and worked one floor above the Medical Microbiology Department where smallpox research was being conducted. She became ill on August 11 and developed a rash on August 15 but was not diagnosed with smallpox until 9 days later. She died on September 11, 1978. Her mother, who was providing care for her, developed smallpox on September 7, despite having been vaccinated on August 24. An investigation performed afterward suggested that Janet Parker had been infected either via an airborne route through the medical school building’s duct system or by direct contact while visiting the microbiology corridor one floor above.

珍妮特·帕克（Janet Parker）是最后一名死于天花的人。当时是1978年，帕克是英国伯明翰大学医学院的一名医学摄影师，她在进行天花研究的医学微生物部的上一层楼工作。她在8月11日开始不适，并在8月15日出现了红疹，但直到9天之后才被诊断为天花。她于1978年9月11日去世。照顾她的母亲尽管在8月24日接种过疫苗，但仍在9月7日患上天花。随后的调查推测珍妮特·帕克可能由于医学院大楼的管道系统的空气传播或是在上一层的微生物走廊里参观时通过直接接触而感染的。

（来源：美国疾控中心）

（感谢世界卫生组织新发传染病监测研究与培训合作中心陈伟师博士提供专业指导）

统筹：宁可儿

制作：曦檬子