What Is a Mammogram? 什么是乳房X线检查？

What Is a Mammogram?

A mammogram is an X-ray picture of the breast. Doctors use a mammogram to look for early signs of breast cancer. Regular mammograms are the best tests doctors have to find breast cancer early, sometimes up to three years before it can be felt.

什么是乳房X线检查？

乳房X线检查就是拍照乳房的X光照片。医生通过乳房X光照片来发现乳腺癌的早期症状。定期进行乳房X线检查是医生早期发现乳腺癌的最好检查方式，有时能比触诊提早三年发现。

How is a mammogram done?

You will stand in front of a special X-ray machine. A technologist will place your breast on a clear plastic plate. Another plate will firmly press your breast from above. The plates will flatten the breast, holding it still while the X-ray is being taken. You will feel some pressure. The steps are repeated to make a side view of the breast. The other breast will be X-rayed in the same way. You will then wait while the technologist checks the four X-rays to make sure the pictures do not need to be re-done. Keep in mind that the technologist cannot tell you the results of your mammogram. Each woman’s mammogram may look a little different because all breasts are a little different.

怎样做乳房X线检查？

你要站在一台特殊的X光机前。技术人员会将你的乳房置放在一块透明塑料托板上，另一块板则从上往下稳固地压住乳房。这两块板会将乳房压扁，拍摄X光时要保持稳定不动。此时你会感受到有一些压力。这个步骤会重复操作，以得到乳房的侧位X光摄片。另一侧乳房也会以同样方式进行X光检查。然后，你需要等候技术人员检查确定这4张X光片不需要重拍。记住，技术人员无法告诉您乳房X线检查的结果。每位女性的乳房X光照片看上去都有点不同，因为所有乳房都是有点不一样的。

What does having a mammogram feel like?

Having a mammogram is uncomfortable for most women. Some women find it painful. A mammogram takes only a few moments, though, and the discomfort is over soon. What you feel depends on the skill of the technologist, the size of your breasts, and how much they need to be pressed. Your breasts may be more sensitive if you are about to get or have your period. A doctor with special training, called a radiologist, will read the mammogram. He or she will look at the X-ray for early signs of breast cancer or other problems.

进行乳房X线检查是什么感觉？

对绝大多数女性来说，进行乳房X线检查都是不舒服的。有些人会觉得疼痛。不过，乳房X线检查只需要几分钟，不适感也会很快消失。你的感受取决于技术人员的操作技巧、乳房的大小，以及需要被压迫的程度。如果您将要或正处于月经期，您的乳房可能会更敏感。经过专业培训的放射科医生会阅读乳房X光照片。医生将通过X光照片发现乳腺癌的早期迹象或其他问题。

Tips for Getting a Mammogram

接受乳房X线检查的小贴士

Try not to have your mammogram the week before you get your period or during your period. Your breasts may be tender or swollen then.

避免在月经期前一周或月经期间进行乳房X线检查，因为那时你的乳房可能会疼痛或肿胀。

On the day of your mammogram, don’t wear deodorant, perfume, or powder. These products can show up as white spots on the X-ray.

乳房X线检查当天，请不要使用体香剂、香水或者扑粉，这些产品会使X光照片上显示成白色斑点。

Some women prefer to wear a top with a skirt or pants, instead of a dress. You will need to undress from your waist up for the mammogram.

有些人喜欢穿上衣配半裙或裤子，而不是穿连衣裙。因为在进行乳房X线检查时需要脱掉腰部以上的衣物。

What happens if my mammogram is normal?

Continue to get mammograms according to recommended time intervals. Mammograms work best when they can be compared with previous ones. This allows the radiologist to compare them to look for changes in your breasts.

如果我的乳房X光照片结果正常的话会如何？

继续根据建议的时间间隔去做乳房X线照片检查。如果可以和之前的检查结果对比，乳房X光照片更有助于医生诊断。放射科医生可以通过对比发现乳房内部的变化。

An example of a normal mammogram. Each woman’s mammogram may look a little different because all breasts are a little different.

一例正常乳房的X线照片。每位女性的乳房X光照片看上去都有点不同，因为所有乳房都是有点不一样的。

What happens if my mammogram is abnormal?

An abnormal mammogram does not always mean that there is cancer. But you will need to have additional mammograms, tests, or exams before the doctor can tell for sure. You may also be referred to a breast specialist or a surgeon. It does not necessarily mean you have cancer or need surgery. These doctors are experts in diagnosing breast problems. Doctors will do follow-up tests to diagnose breast cancer or to find that there is no cancer.

如果我的乳房X光照片不正常的话怎么办？