Norovirus causes diarrhea and vomiting. It spreads easily from an infected person to others,especially in long-term care facilities. Elderly residents are more likely to become very sick or die from norovirus.

诺如病毒会导致腹泻和呕吐。感染者很容易传播诺如病毒给其他人，特别是在长期护理机构中。老年人会容易发生诺如病毒重症，甚至死亡。

Protect yourself and elderly residents from norovirus

保护自己及老年人远离诺如病毒

1

Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds each time and avoid touching your mouth.

洗手

勤用肥皂和清水洗手，每次至少20秒，避免接触你的嘴。

2

Use a bleach-based cleaner or other approved product to disinfect surfaces and objects that are frequently touched.

清洁表面

使用含漂白剂的清洁剂或其他合格产品消毒经常接触的物体及物体表面。

3

Remove and wash soiled clothes and linens immediately, then tumble dry.

清洗衣服

马上脱下及清洗脏的衣物和床单，然后烘干。

4

Use gown and gloves when touching or caring for patients to reduce exposure to vomit or fecal matter.

穿戴清洁衣和手套

在接触或照顾病人时，要穿戴长外衣和手套以减少接触呕吐物或排泄物。

5

If you’re sick, stay home and don’t take care of or visit people in long-term care facilities for at least 2 days after your symptoms stop.

生病时要呆在家里

如果你生病了要居家休息。在症状消失后至少2天不要到长期护理机构照顾或探访病人。

Norovirus causes inflammation of the stomach or intestines or both. This is called acute gastroenteritis.

诺如病毒会导致胃或肠的炎症，这就是所谓的急性胃肠炎。

The most common symptoms—

最常见的症状有：

diarrhea              腹泻

throwing up         呕吐

nausea                恶心

stomach pain     胃痛

Other symptoms—

其他症状包括：

fever               发烧

headache      头疼

body aches   身体疼痛

A person usually develops symptoms 12 to 48 hours after being exposed to norovirus. Most people with norovirus illness get better within 1 to 3 days.

一般来说，感染诺如病毒后在12-48小时内会出现症状，大部分人感染后在1-3天内好转。

If you have norovirus illness, you can feel extremely ill and throw up or have diarrhea many times a day. This can lead to dehydration, especially in young children, older adults, and people with other illnesses.

如果你感染诺如病毒，可能会感到极度难受，一天会呕吐或腹泻多次。这可能会导致脱水，特别是儿童、老年人或患有其他疾病的人。

Symptoms of dehydration—

脱水症状有：

decrease in urination

排尿减少

dry mouth and throat

口部、喉咙干燥

feeling dizzy when standing up

站起来时感到头晕

Children who are dehydrated may cry with few or no tears and be unusually sleepy or fussy.

脱水的儿童现哭泣时可能只有少量或没有眼泪，而且会出现异常困倦或挑剔。

Prevent Dehydration

预防脱水

Drink plenty of liquids to replace fluids that are lost from throwing up and diarrhea.

通过饮用大量的液体来补充因呕吐、腹泻流失的体液。

Sports drinks and other drinks without caffeine or alcohol can help with mild dehydration. But, these drinks may not replace important nutrients and minerals. Oral rehydration fluids that you can get over the counter are most helpful for mild dehydration.

运动饮料或其他不含咖啡因或酒精的饮料可缓解轻度脱水。但是，这些饮料不能代替重要的营养素和矿物质。你可以购买口服补液，这对轻度脱水最有帮助。

If you think you or someone you are caring for is severely dehydrated, call a doctor.

如果觉得自己或你照顾的人严重脱水，请就医。

（来源：美国疾控中心）

（感谢世界卫生组织新发传染病监测研究与培训合作中心陈伟师博士提供专业指导）

统筹：宁可儿

翻译：曦檬子

美编：晓马哥