How well do condoms prevent HIV?

安全套对于预防HIV能起到多大作用？

QA

If you use them the right way every time you have sex, condoms are highly effective in preventing HIV infection. But it’s important to educate yourself about how to use them the right way.

如果您每次性行为都正确使用安全套，对于预防HIV感染是非常有效的。关键是您要学会如何正确佩戴安全套。

Condoms can also help prevent other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) you can get through body fluids, like gonorrhea and chlamydia. However, they provide less protection against STDs spread through skin-to-skin contact, like human papillomavirus or HPV (genital warts), genital herpes, and syphilis.

安全套也能帮助预防其他能通过体液感染的性传播疾病，如淋病和衣原体。但是，安全套对于通过皮肤接触传播的性传播疾病能起到的保护作用不大，比如人乳头状瘤病毒或HPV（尖锐湿疣），生殖器疱疹以及梅毒。

There are two main types of condoms: male and female.

安全套主要有两种类型：男用安全套及女用安全套。

Can using a lubricant help reduce my HIV risk?

使用润滑剂能降低感染HIV的风险吗？

QA

Yes, because lubricants can help prevent condoms from breaking or slipping.

可以。因为润滑油能防止安全套破损或滑落。

Water-based and silicon-based lubricants are safe to use with all condoms. Oil-based lubricants and products containing oil, such as hand lotion, Vaseline, or Crisco, should not be used with latex condoms because they can weaken the condom and cause it to break.

水溶性润滑剂和硅基润滑剂可安全用于各种安全套。但是油性润滑剂以及含油的产品，比如润手霜、凡士林或黄油，不能用于乳胶安全套，因为它们会弱化安全套并导致破裂。

Can I get vaccinated to prevent HIV?

我能通过疫苗接种预防HIV吗？

QA

No.There is currently no vaccine that will prevent HIV infection or treat those who have it.

不能。目前没有预防或治疗HIV感染的疫苗。

Do people still die from HIV?

HIV感染仍会致死吗？

QA

Yes. In the United States, 6,955 people died from HIV and AIDS in 2013. HIV remains a significant cause of death for certain populations.

是的。在美国，2013年有6,955名患者因HIV及艾滋病死亡。HIV仍是某些人群一个重要的死亡原因。

How Can I live With HIV？

感染了HIV怎么办？

QA

Stay healthy. 保持健康

You should start medical care and begin HIV treatment as soon as you are diagnosed with HIV.

一旦确诊HIV，您应该马上开始接受医疗护理以及HIV治疗 。

Do tell. 如实告知

It’s important to disclose your HIV status to your sex and needle-sharing partners even if you are uncomfortable doing it. Communicating with each other about your HIV status allows you and your partner to take steps to keep both of you healthy.

重要的是要对您的性伴侣或共用针头的伙伴披露您的HIV感染状况，即使这样做会让你感到很尴尬。与对方沟通您的HIV情况,让您和伴侣采取措施，保持双方的健康。

Reduce the risk to others. 降低对他人的风险

HIV is spread through certain body fluids from an HIV-infected person: blood, semen (cum), pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.

HIV是通过HIV感染者的体液，即血液、精液、射精前分泌液、直肠液、阴道分泌液以及母乳传播的。

Taking actions, like using a condom the right way every time you have sex.

采取行动，每次做爱都要正确使用安全套。

（来源：美国疾控中心）

（感谢世界卫生组织新发传染病监测研究与培训合作中心陈伟师博士提供专业指导）

统筹：宁可儿

翻译：曦檬子

美编：晓马哥